In aeronautics Wing are airfoils attached to each side of the fuselage, So the design of the wing depends on many facts like lift to weight ratio, rate of climb, size, weight and which aircraft it is used,
Fuselage is a body of an aircraft to which the wings, tail and Landing Gear units are attached. Design and size of the fuselage varies according to the function to the aircraft. The word fuselage comes from a French word “fusele” means “splindle-shape”
Landing gear is an undercarriage part of the flight landing system. Aircraft landing gear has wheels equipped with shock absorbers on light planes and Hydraulic or pneumatic oleo struts on larger aircraft.
Salient Features Of Scramjet Engine And Its Applications For Hypersonic Vehicles
Advantage
Disadvantage
Scramjet Engine
Salient Features
of Liquid Propellant Rockets:
A liquid propellant propulsion system is commonly called rocket engines. It has all the hardware components and propellants necessary for its operations for producing thrust.
Consists of one or more thrust chambers, one or more tanks to store propellants, a feed mechanism to force the propellants from the tanks into the thrust chamber, power source to furnish the energy for the feed mechanism, suitable plumbing or piping or piping to transfer the liquids,
Has a structure to transmit the thrust force, and control devices to initiate and regulate the propellant flow and thus the thrust.
In some application an engine may also include a thrust vector control system, various instrumentation and residual propellant (trapped in pipes, valves, or wetting tanks).
It does not include hardware for non-propulsive purpose, such as aerodynamic surface, guidance, or navigation equipment, or useful payload such as scientific space exploration package or missile warhead.
Ramjet Engines is a type of Combustion Engine, comes under the category of Air breathing engine. It is the simplest of all the air breathing engines. It consists of a Diffuser, Combustion chamber and a Nozzle, and ramjets do not need any moving parts such as compressors and consequently no turbine as well.
Major Assemble of Ramjet Engines
Ramjet Engines mechanism are less complicated jet engine for producing thrust in flying vehicle.
Ramjet Engines are most efficient when operated at supersonic speeds.
All the compression is occurs in the intake diffuser section producing rise in the static pressure.
When the air decelerated from a high mach number to a low subsonic mach number, it results in substantial increase in pressure and temperature so the ramjet does not need Compressor and Turbine.
Working
Ramjet produces power by increasing the momentum of the moving fluid by induction of energy by combustion of fuel, so the momentum of the exhaust jet greater and exceed that of the incoming air on continuous cycle.
Where the Fuel is burned the high pressure air and the mixture is then expanded to ambient static pressure through a Nozzle System.
High pressure gas expanded through the Nozzle by converting the low subsonic flow in the combustion chamber into a supersonic jet.
The combine mixture of air and fuel (supersonic jet) exhausted through the C-D Nozzle.
Ramjet Engines is a type of Combustion Engine, comes under the category of Air breathing engine. It is the simplest of all the air breathing engines. It consists of a Diffuser, Combustion chamber and a Nozzle, and ramjets do not need any moving parts such as compressors and consequently no turbine as well.
Major Assemble of Ramjet Engines
Ramjet Engines mechanism are less complicated jet engine for producing thrust in flying vehicle.
Ramjet Engines are most efficient when operated at supersonic speeds.
All the compression is occurs in the intake diffuser section producing rise in the static pressure.
When the air decelerated from a high mach number to a low subsonic mach number, it results in substantial increase in pressure and temperature so the ramjet does not need Compressor and Turbine.
Working
Ramjet produces power by increasing the momentum of the moving fluid by induction of energy by combustion of fuel, so the momentum of the exhaust jet greater and exceed that of the incoming air on continuous cycle.
Where the Fuel is burned the high pressure air and the mixture is then expanded to ambient static pressure through a Nozzle System.
High pressure gas expanded through the Nozzle by converting the low subsonic flow in the combustion chamber into a supersonic jet.
The combine mixture of air and fuel (supersonic jet) exhausted through the C-D Nozzle.
Different
Types of flow in Aerodynamic
Aerodynamics is a part fluid dynamics which deals with the laws of the flow of air or other gases.
Types of flow in Aerodynamic
Compressible Flow: Compressible flow do undergo density changes, Gases are generally compressible.
Viscous Flow: The viscosity of a fluid is a measure of its resistance to gradual deformation by shearstress or tensile stress. Viscosity is due to the friction between neighboring particles in a fluid that are moving in different velocities.
Inviscid Flow: Is the flow of an ideal fluid that is assumed to have no viscosity.
Uniform Flow: It the flow velocity is the same magnitude and direction at every point.
Rotational Flow: If the angle between the two intersecting lines of the boundary of the fluid element changes while moving in the flow.
What
are components does Turboprop Engine have?
Turboprop is one among the type of Turbine Engine which is used to drive the propeller of the aircraft.
What are the Types of Jet Engines used in Aircraft?
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UAVs Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
After the Wright brothers worked so hard to put humans in the air by flying machines, now a day’s some aerospace engineers are working hard to take out of the flying machine. UAVs Unmanned Aerial Vehicles are the Airplanes that have no humans on board which are operated and flown remotely by pilots.
Israel is the first nation to use UAVs in the combat situation arguing that loss of relative inexpensive UAVs was better than the loss of a pilot and a multi-million dollar airplane.
UAVs are mainly used to carry sensors, target designated and electronic transmitters
Designed to destroy enemy’s target, UAVs are more effective fly at greater range and endurance.
Range – Is the maximum distance an aircraft can fly between takeoff and landing.
Endurance – Is the maximum length of time that an aircraft can spend in cruising flight (level flight).
Aircraft Powerplant Outer Structures
Aircraft powerplants produces the source of thrust to move the aircraft through the air, at the same time they are also the source of vibration, heat and drag forces. Powerplant Structures includes both the propeller and Engine work in combination to produce thrust. Engine provides the source of power to rotate the propeller. Propeller is mounted at the front of the engine converts the rotatory force into Thrust in the engine.
Nacelles encloses the engine provide the streamline flow (uniform flow) of air over the outer surface of the engine to improve the aerodynamics of the aircraft. Protect the engine and its components during flight. Allow the proper flow air to engine for cooling and combustion.
Firewalls are normally located near to the engine compartment. Engine, Auxiliary power units, combustion chamber and turbine produces tremendous amount of heat which affect other aircraft component and it functionality, to protect other aircraft component from this heat effect sections of the turbine engine must be isolated from the remainder of the aircraft by means of firewalls. Firewall is used to protect the nacelle strut and systems from the exposure.
Engine mount is frame structures that support the engine and connect it to the fuselage. Which are designed to distribute the weight of the engine and distribute torque and vibration generate from the engine.
Cowlings and Fairings both are similar, which are removable covering for covering the portions of the airplane (Engine, Mounts and other engine components). Design to provide uniform flow of air over the engine surface improve the aerodynamics of the aircraft.
How Does an Aircraft Fly’s? This question everyone ask when seeing an aircraft (Airplane) flying in Sky. Concept is there are ...
